Panic Attacks Explained: Symptoms, Causes, and What to Do During One
Panic Attacks Explained: Symptoms, Causes, and What to Do During One
A panic attack can be a frightening experience. It often involves a sudden wave of intense fear or discomfort, sometimes accompanied by physical symptoms that can feel overwhelming. Many people experiencing a panic attack may believe they are having a serious medical emergency, especially if they are unfamiliar with what is happening.¹
Although panic attacks can feel distressing, they are a recognised mental health symptom and can be effectively managed with the right support and treatment.
What Is a Panic Attack?
A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear or anxiety that can occur unexpectedly, even when there is no immediate danger.
During a panic attack, the body’s natural stress response becomes activated. This can create strong physical sensations as the body prepares to respond to a perceived threat.¹
Panic attacks can happen to anyone. However, when a person experiences repeated panic attacks or begins avoiding situations because of fear of another attack, it may be linked to panic disorder.
Common Symptoms of a Panic Attack
Panic attacks can affect both the body and emotions.
Symptoms may include:
- A racing heartbeat
- Chest discomfort
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Shaking or trembling
- Dizziness
- Feeling detached or disconnected
- Intense fear or a sense of losing control¹
Symptoms usually develop quickly and can feel extremely real and alarming.
What Causes Panic Attacks?
Panic attacks do not have one single cause. They may develop due to a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.
Possible contributing factors include:
- High levels of stress
- Anxiety disorders
- Traumatic experiences
- Major life changes
- Family history of anxiety conditions
- Certain medical conditions or substances¹
Sometimes panic attacks can occur without an obvious trigger, which can make the experience even more confusing.
Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder
Experiencing one panic attack does not necessarily mean someone has panic disorder.
Panic disorder involves repeated panic attacks along with ongoing worry about having another attack or significant changes in behaviour to avoid possible triggers.²
A mental health professional can assess symptoms and determine whether further treatment or support may be beneficial.
What Can Help During a Panic Attack?
During a panic attack, it may help to:
- Remind yourself that the symptoms will pass
- Focus on slow, steady breathing
- Ground yourself by focusing on your surroundings
- Sit somewhere safe and comfortable
- Avoid fighting the sensations and instead allow them to settle
Learning coping strategies with the guidance of a mental health professional can help reduce fear and improve confidence in managing symptoms.
When Should You Seek Professional Help?
Consider seeking professional support if:
- Panic attacks happen repeatedly
- You avoid activities due to fear of another attack
- Anxiety affects your work, relationships, or daily life
- You constantly worry about your symptoms
A psychiatrist can help identify the underlying cause of panic symptoms and recommend appropriate treatment.
Treatment for Panic Attacks
Treatment depends on each person’s symptoms and needs.
Options may include:
- Psychological therapies
- Medication when clinically appropriate
- Stress management techniques
- Lifestyle adjustments
- Ongoing psychiatric support¹
With appropriate treatment, many people can manage panic symptoms and return to their normal activities.
Understanding Panic Attacks
Panic attacks can feel overwhelming, but they are treatable. Understanding what is happening and seeking professional support can help individuals regain confidence and improve their quality of life.
If panic attacks or anxiety are affecting your daily routine, speaking to a mental health professional can help you take the next step towards better mental well-being.
Contact Dr. Marshinee Naidoo
Contact Us
011 869 1755 / 076 414 3285
dr.naidoo.m@gmail.com
Akeso Alberton
Akeso Psychiatrist Clinic, Alberton, Suite 04
087 098 0456 (ext. 5912)
Akeso Parktown
Akeso Psychiatrist Clinic, Parktown, Suite 17
087 098 0458 (ext. 5501)
Sources
- South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG). Mental Health Information and Support Resources.
https://www.sadag.org - National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa. Mental Health Resources.
https://www.health.gov.za - Mental Health Information Centre of Southern Africa (MHIC).
https://mentalhealthsa.org.za
